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          ATM取款
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        <blockquote>
<p>如果要使用现金，则需要将钱从卡中取出来，当然，取钱的途径很多， 例如1. 从柜台取钱； 2. 从ATM取钱；3.转账给他人，他人给现金给你；4. 去商户消费，然后商户给你现金。这里只讨论第2点。</p>
</blockquote>
<a id="more"></a>

<h2 id="两种场景"><a href="#两种场景" class="headerlink" title="两种场景"></a>两种场景</h2><h3 id="不跨行"><a href="#不跨行" class="headerlink" title="不跨行"></a>不跨行</h3><p>A银行的卡在A银行自己的ATM上取款</p>
<p>不跨行的情况，该笔ATM取款交易不需要经过卡组织的，直接是该银行自己处理。 有些有银行在有些场景也会收取手续费。例如，上海办理的卡，到广州的ATM取款就会收取手续费。</p>
<h3 id="跨行"><a href="#跨行" class="headerlink" title="跨行"></a>跨行</h3><p>A银行的卡在B银行的ATM上取款</p>
<p>因为涉及到跨行交易，那么资金需要经过卡组织进行批量清算，因此卡组织需要收取清算费，收单行需要收取交换费。</p>
<h2 id="交易流程"><a href="#交易流程" class="headerlink" title="交易流程"></a>交易流程</h2><p>这里以跨行的场景为例，A银行就是发卡行（Issuer），B银行就是收单行（Acquirer)，这里以取款1000元为例。</p>
<ol>
<li>B - ATM 向 卡组织 发起请求</li>
<li>卡组织将请求转发给A</li>
<li>A将请求信息回复给卡组织</li>
<li>卡组织将信息回复给B-ATM</li>
</ol>
<p>如果上述4步种任何一方出现了中断，例如第4步中，卡组织无法连接到B-ATM，无法将信息回复给B，那么卡组织这里会发起冲正交易；冲正交易会将原交易给冲正了，不会出现说你钱没有取到，但是卡里已经扣了的情况。</p>
<h2 id="交易数据分析"><a href="#交易数据分析" class="headerlink" title="交易数据分析"></a>交易数据分析</h2><h3 id="交易文件类型"><a href="#交易文件类型" class="headerlink" title="交易文件类型"></a>交易文件类型</h3><p>ATM取款这种交易会出现在COM类文件中，例如OOM/COMN。同时，同一笔交易，卡组织会生产两个文件：ICOM和ACOM，这两个文件大部分相同，部分不同，ICOM给银行A，ACOM给银行B。</p>
<p>所以区分一个文件到底是给收单机构还是给发卡机构，可以从交易文件的文件名上直接判断。 如果没有文件名的情况下，如何判断ATM取款数据到底是发卡机构还是收单机构的呢？</p>
<p>答案是可以的，1） 根据交易类型，以及Fee（费）的借贷标志; 2）如果是COMN类型的，可以直接看扩展字段，有些字段是发卡方文件独有的，例如商户名称以及Token；有些字段是收单方文件所独有的，例如订单号，当然，不是所有支付场景，扩展字段中独有字段都有值。</p>
<p>第1种情况，针对ATM取现，交换费（Fee1）和转接清算费（Fee2）的借贷记标志，对于发卡行，它需要支付这两个费用给卡组织和收单行，所以对于这两个Fee的借贷记标志是D。但是对于收单机构，则没有该费用。</p>
<h3 id="交易类型"><a href="#交易类型" class="headerlink" title="交易类型"></a>交易类型</h3><p>如果从交易数据中判断该笔交易为ATM取款，那从哪些维度可以来确定呢？</p>
<ol>
<li>终端类型（Terminal Type) 如果是ATM取款，那么终端类型应该是ATM  <!-- 01 -->;</li>
<li>交易类型 交易处理码中前两位是交易类型为现金 <!-- 01 -->；</li>
<li>交易的报文类型 从报文类型标识符来看该笔交易的报文类型为请求类交易：0200，而不是ATM取款发生冲正的时候冲正类交易：0420。</li>
<li>服务点条件码 是交易处理码（第2点）的补充，其值应该是自助终端 <!-- 02 -->。</li>
</ol>
<p>综上，从这4个维度就可以将一笔交易确定为ATM取款。当然，如果商户类型代码存在，或者准确，那么可以直接使用商户类型代码来确定也是可以的。</p>
<h2 id="费用划付"><a href="#费用划付" class="headerlink" title="费用划付"></a>费用划付</h2><p>ATM取现的费用，由发卡机构支付。即：</p>
<ol>
<li>收单机构收取交换费；</li>
<li>卡组织收取转接清算费。</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="一点思考"><a href="#一点思考" class="headerlink" title="一点思考"></a>一点思考</h2><p>一般来说，一张卡整存整取，卡内不留余额等情况可能参与了洗钱活动；可以看<strong>《反腐风云》</strong>赛马会那部。</p>
<p>另外，引言的第4点是套现，<em>违法行为</em>。</p>

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